A big controversy surrounds something that the president of Harvard said at a conference a few days ago. Apparently he seemed to claim that women were underrepresented in science and engineering careers because of innate differences between the sexes. Naturally, in the overly politically correct halls of America’s Academia there was a resounding thunder of offense, calls for his sacking, censure, apology, etc.
A Slate.com article paraphrased what he really said:
He offered three possible reasons for this gender gap. The biggest, he suggested, was that fewer mothers than fathers are willing to spend 80 hours a week away from their kids. The next reason was that more boys than girls tend to score very high or very low on high-school math tests, producing a similar average but a higher proportion of scores in the top percentiles, which lead to high-powered academic careers in science and engineering. The third factor was discrimination by universities. Summers said repeatedly that Harvard and other schools should work to eliminate discrimination. (emphasis added)
How is citing the facts of test scores considered impolitic? Because the facts don’t fit will with sensitivities about the differences between the sexes. But are there differences between the sexes? Studies have shown that, genetically, males and females are about 1% to 2% distinct; about the same difference between a male human and a male chimpanzee or a female human and a female chimpanzee. So there are genetic differences — the Slate artciel asks: could that produce differences in the brain? Yep, it sure does.
You’d expect some of these differences to show up in the brain, and they do. A study of mice published a year ago in Molecular Brain Research found that just 10 days after conception, at least 50 genes were more active in the developing brain of one sex than in the other. Comparing the findings to research on humans, the Los Angeles Times observed that “the corpus callosum, which carries communications between the two brain hemispheres, is generally larger in women’s brains [than in men’s]. Female brains also tend to be more symmetrical. Â… Men and women, on average, also possess documented differences in certain thinking tasks and in behaviors such as aggression.”
Our trouble is that we confuse equality of opportunity with equality. I doubt that genetic differences account for any real difference in maximum potential intelligence between men and women, but some men are more intelligent and women and vice versa. I echo the sentiment of William Saletan, the author of the Slate article:
Last year Harvard offered only four of 32 tenured positions in the arts and sciences to women. A genetic difference between the sexes doesn’t mean four was anywhere near the right number. It just means the number doesn’t have to be exactly 16.
[read the Slate article]
UPDATE: A UC Irvine study found that there are no real disparities between the intelligence of men and women. However, there are “significant differences in brain areas where males and females manifest their intelligence.”